Key Terms

📖 Key Terms

Deindustrialisation

The decline of traditional manufacturing industry, resulting in job losses, derelict land and urban deprivation in formerly industrial areas. Bristol experienced deindustrialisation from the 1960s as containerisation made its city-centre port redundant and manufacturing contracted.

Regeneration

The process of improving a rundown or derelict urban area through investment in housing, employment, infrastructure and the environment. Bristol's Temple Quarter is one of England's largest current regeneration projects, planned to create 10,000 homes and 22,000 jobs on brownfield land around Temple Meads station.

Gentrification

The process by which lower-income residents are displaced from an area as it is improved and property values rise, attracting more affluent newcomers. Bristol's rapid economic growth has driven significant gentrification in inner-city areas like Stokes Croft, Totterdown and Bedminster, pricing out established communities.

Brownfield site

Previously developed land, often former industrial or commercial sites, that is available for redevelopment. Temple Quarter is the largest brownfield site in south-west England. Building on brownfield land is preferred to greenfield development because it avoids encroaching on undeveloped land and reduces urban sprawl.

Urban deprivation

A condition in which an area experiences multiple disadvantages including low income, unemployment, poor health, low educational attainment, poor housing and high crime. Areas like Hartcliffe, Knowle West and Lawrence Hill experience urban deprivation despite Bristol's overall economic success.

Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)

The official government measure of deprivation in England, ranking every small area (Lower Super Output Area) across seven dimensions: income, employment, education, health, crime, housing and living environment. Bristol has neighbourhoods in both the most and least deprived 10% in England.

Sustainability

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In urban geography, sustainability encompasses environmental goals (carbon reduction, green space, clean air), social goals (affordable housing, accessible transport, reduced inequality) and economic goals (long-term employment and investment). Bristol named European Green Capital 2015.

Urban sprawl

The unplanned, uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into surrounding rural land. Regenerating brownfield sites like Temple Quarter is a strategy to accommodate population growth within the existing city boundary, reducing the pressure to sprawl into the green belt around Bristol.