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Quiz yourself on The UK Economy and Regional ChangeGet your flashcardsBuild my revision planTrack my progress⛓️ The Deindustrialisation Cause-Chain
Here is the full chain of cause and consequence — from the global economic shift to the human impact on communities. In an exam, being able to show these connections earns higher marks than just listing facts.
Global: Cheaper labour in LEDCs/NEEs — wages in South Korea, China, India far below UK levels → factories relocating abroad becomes economically rational for TNCs
UK level: Factory and yard closures — shipyards in Newcastle and Glasgow, steel in Sheffield, coal in South Wales, textiles in Lancashire → mass redundancies in specific regions
Community level: Mass unemployment — in Jarrow, unemployment hit 67% when Palmer's Shipyard closed; similar concentrations in many industrial towns — entire communities without income
Social effects: Deprivation — poverty, poor health, reduced life expectancy, lower educational attainment, crime, family breakdown — all concentrated in the same deindustrialised areas
Long-term effect: Regional inequality — the areas that suffered deindustrialisation have not recovered. GVA (Gross Value Added) per head in the Northeast of England is approximately £23,000; in London it is approximately £57,000
Result today: The North-South divide — a persistent structural gap in wealth, health, opportunity, and life expectancy between regions — not caused by laziness or luck, but by where the Industrial Revolution happened and what was left when it ended
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