Infection & ResponseIntroduction

From Miracle Cure to Modern Crisis

Part of Antibiotics and Drug ResistanceGCSE Biology

This introduction covers From Miracle Cure to Modern Crisis within Antibiotics and Drug Resistance for GCSE Biology. Antibiotic function, bacterial resistance evolution, responsible use, global health impact It is section 1 of 18 in this topic. Use this introduction to connect the idea to the wider topic before moving on to questions and flashcards.

Topic position

Section 1 of 18

Practice

20 questions

Recall

24 flashcards

From Miracle Cure to Modern Crisis

In 1928, Alexander Fleming returned to his laboratory to find something extraordinary: a patch of mould had grown on a petri dish of bacteria — and the bacteria around it had died. This chance discovery led to penicillin, the first antibiotic, which went on to save millions of lives from infections that had previously been fatal. It felt like medicine had won.

But the victory was not permanent. Since antibiotics came into widespread use in the 1940s, bacteria have been fighting back through the relentless engine of natural selection. Today, MRSA infections are difficult to treat in hospitals, some strains of tuberculosis resist multiple drugs, and the World Health Organisation warns that antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest threats to global health. The story of antibiotics is both one of medicine's greatest triumphs and one of its most pressing ongoing challenges.

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Read this section alongside the surrounding pages in Antibiotics and Drug Resistance. That gives you the full topic sequence instead of a single isolated revision point.

Practice Questions for Antibiotics and Drug Resistance

What do antibiotics kill or stop growing?

  • A. Viruses
  • B. Bacteria
  • C. Fungi
  • D. All pathogens
1 markfoundation

Explain how antibiotic resistance develops in bacteria through natural selection. (3 marks)

3 marksstandard

Quick Recall Flashcards

Why do antibiotics NOT work against viruses?
Antibiotics target bacterial cell walls and bacterial processes. Viruses do not have cell walls and use the host cell's own machinery to reproduce. There is nothing for the antibiotic to target in a virus.
What are antibiotics and what do they target?
Antibiotics are chemicals that kill bacteria or stop them from growing. They target structures that bacteria have but human cells do not, such as cell walls. Examples: penicillin, amoxicillin, streptomycin.

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