Exam Tips: Cloning

Know both plant AND animal cloning: Exam questions could ask about tissue culture (plants) or adult cell cloning (animals). Practise describing both. They are distinct processes — do not confuse them.

The surrogate mother contributes environment, not genes: In adult cell cloning, the offspring is genetically identical to the nucleus donor, not the surrogate. Examiners test this regularly.

Clones and phenotype: If asked whether a clone would be identical to the original, say "identical DNA but not necessarily identical phenotype" — then explain that the environment affects gene expression. This shows higher-order understanding.

Ethical questions — both sides are required: For any cloning ethics question, you must present arguments for AND against. A fully one-sided answer cannot access the top mark band on an evaluate question.