OrganisationDeep Dive

Stomata: The Control Valves

Part of Transpiration · GCSE GCSE Biology revision

This deep dive covers Stomata: The Control Valves within Transpiration for GCSE Biology. Transpiration process, stomatal control, factors affecting rate, plant adaptations, measuring transpiration, and practical investigations It is section 5 of 21 in this topic. Use this deep dive to connect the idea to the wider topic before moving on to questions and flashcards.

Topic position

Section 5 of 21

Practice

21 questions

Recall

25 flashcards

Stomata: The Control Valves

Structure and Function

Stomata (singular: stoma) are pores in the leaf epidermis controlled by pairs of guard cells. These kidney-shaped cells regulate gas exchange and water loss.

Opening Mechanism

Guard cells control stomatal opening through changes in turgor pressure:

  1. Light triggers: Blue light receptors activate potassium pumps
  2. Ion movement: K⁺ ions actively pumped into guard cells
  3. Water influx: Water follows by osmosis, increasing turgor
  4. Shape change: Guard cells become turgid and curved
  5. Pore opens: Inner walls pulled apart creating opening

Closing Mechanism

  • K⁺ ions pumped out of guard cells
  • Water follows by osmosis
  • Guard cells become flaccid
  • Pore closes as cells straighten
Painted side-by-side comparison of stoma states: turgid guard cells (kidney-bean shaped, water-filled, pore wide open) on the left, flaccid guard cells (deflated, collapsed, pore closed) on the right. Surrounded by pale-green epidermis cells.

Keep building this topic

Read this section alongside the surrounding pages in Transpiration. That gives you the full topic sequence instead of a single isolated revision point.

Practice Questions for Transpiration

What is transpiration?

  • A. The evaporation of water from plant leaves through stomata
  • B. The movement of sugars through phloem
  • C. The absorption of water by root hair cells
  • D. The process of photosynthesis in leaves
1 markfoundation

Describe the three stages of transpiration in a leaf.

3 marksstandard

Quick Recall Flashcards

What is a potometer?
An apparatus that measures the rate of water uptake by a plant shoot. Used to estimate transpiration rate (though actually measures uptake, not loss).
What is a xerophyte?
A plant adapted to survive in dry/arid conditions with limited water availability (e.g., cacti, marram grass).

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