This comparison covers Metals vs Non-metals within The Periodic Table for GCSE Chemistry. Revise The Periodic Table in Atomic Structure for GCSE Chemistry with 20 exam-style questions and 24 flashcards. This topic appears less often, but it can still be a useful differentiator on mixed-topic papers. It is section 7 of 13 in this topic. Use this comparison to connect the idea to the wider topic before moving on to questions and flashcards.
Topic position
Section 7 of 13
Practice
20 questions
Recall
24 flashcards
⚖️ Metals vs Non-metals
AQA exam questions often ask you to compare metals and non-metals. This table covers all the key contrasts.
| Property | Metals | Non-metals |
|---|---|---|
| Position in periodic table | Left side and centre (majority of elements) | Right side (smaller group) |
| Typical structure | Giant metallic lattice | Simple molecular (usually), or giant covalent (e.g., diamond) |
| Melting / boiling point | Usually high (strong metallic bonding) | Usually low (simple molecules have weak intermolecular forces) |
| Electrical conductivity | Good — delocalised electrons carry charge | Poor — no free electrons (except graphite) |
| Thermal conductivity | Good | Poor (usually) |
| In reactions (electrons) | Lose electrons → form positive ions (e.g., Na⁺, Mg²⁺) | Gain electrons → form negative ions (e.g., Cl⁻, O²⁻) |
| Physical properties | Shiny, malleable, ductile | Brittle in solid form, dull |
| Example elements | Na, Mg, Fe, Cu, Al | C, N, O, Cl, S, P |
Exception to know: Graphite (a form of carbon, a non-metal) conducts electricity because it has delocalised electrons. It is the standard "exception" examiners use in exam questions to test your depth of understanding.