This comparison covers Metals vs Non-metals within The Periodic Table for GCSE Chemistry. Revise The Periodic Table in Atomic Structure for GCSE Chemistry with 22 exam-style questions and 24 flashcards. This is a high-frequency topic, so it is worth revising until the explanation feels precise and repeatable. It is section 7 of 13 in this topic. Use this comparison to connect the idea to the wider topic before moving on to questions and flashcards.
⚖️ Metals vs Non-metals
AQA exam questions often ask you to compare metals and non-metals. This table covers all the key contrasts.
| Property | Metals | Non-metals |
|---|---|---|
| Position in periodic table | Left side and centre (majority of elements) | Right side (smaller group) |
| Typical structure | Giant metallic lattice | Simple molecular (usually), or giant covalent (e.g., diamond) |
| Melting / boiling point | Usually high (strong metallic bonding) | Usually low (simple molecules have weak intermolecular forces) |
| Electrical conductivity | Good — delocalised electrons carry charge | Poor — no free electrons (except graphite) |
| Thermal conductivity | Good | Poor (usually) |
| In reactions (electrons) | Lose electrons → form positive ions (e.g., Na⁺, Mg²⁺) | Gain electrons → form negative ions (e.g., Cl⁻, O²⁻) |
| Physical properties | Shiny, malleable, ductile | Brittle in solid form, dull |
| Example elements | Na, Mg, Fe, Cu, Al | C, N, O, Cl, S, P |
Exception to know: Graphite (a form of carbon, a non-metal) conducts electricity because it has delocalised electrons. It is the standard "exception" examiners use in exam questions to test your depth of understanding.
Practice questions for The Periodic Table
How are elements arranged in the modern periodic table?
Mendeleev's periodic table was eventually accepted by other scientists. Explain why scientists were convinced that his table was correct.