Reversible Reactions

ChemistryAQAGCSEUnit: Rates of Reaction
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The basics

The Reaction That Runs Backwards

📖 The Reaction That Runs Backwards

Imagine heating blue copper sulfate crystals in a test tube — they turn white as water escapes. Now add a few drops of water back… and they turn blue again. The same reaction, running in reverse. This isn't a trick: the product of the forward reaction becomes the reactant of the backward reaction. This is reversible chemistry, and it changes everything about how we think about reactions — because in a closed system, the reverse reaction starts immediately after the forward one.
🚪 The Revolving Door Analogy

Reversible reactions are like a revolving door! People can go in (forward reaction) AND come out (backward reaction) through the same door. Both directions happen at the same time. The ⇌ symbol shows this two-way traffic. Just like a revolving door, both processes are happening constantly — it just looks still when the same number enter as leave!

What is a reversible reaction?: A reaction where products can react together to reform the original reactants
Key terms

Chemistry glossary

What is a reversible reaction?
A reaction where products can react together to reform the original reactants
Exam tip

Earn the mark scheme marks

🧠 Memory Aid: Double Arrow = Two-Way Traffic

The ⇌ symbol is your key visual reminder:

  • = one-way street (irreversible reaction)
  • = two-way road (reversible reaction, traffic flows both ways)

For the energy rule, remember the phrase: "FORWARD EXO = BACKWARD ENDO" — if energy is released going forward, it must be absorbed going backward. Think of a ball rolling down a hill (exothermic forward) — you need to push it back up the same hill (endothermic backward), using exactly the same energy it released coming down.

For copper sulfate: Blue has water, White has none — heat makes it white, add water makes it blue.

Now try it yourself

Quiz · Question 1 of 20

What does the symbol ⇌ mean when used in a chemical equation?

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