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Quiz yourself on Development Gap and Global DevelopmentGet your flashcardsBuild my revision planTrack my progress⚖️ Development Indicators — Comparing Four Countries
Figure 2: Development Indicators — how LIDCs, NEEs, and HICs compare across key measures
| Indicator | Ethiopia (LIDC) | Nigeria (NEE) | Brazil (NEE) | UK (HIC) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HDI (2023) | 0.497 (low) | 0.560 (medium) | 0.786 (high) | 0.946 (very high) |
| GNI per capita (USD) | ~$1,000 | ~$2,000 | ~$14,000 | ~$46,000 |
| Life expectancy | 67 years | 54 years | 76 years | 81 years |
| Adult literacy rate | ~51% | ~62% | ~93% | ~99% |
| Infant mortality (per 1,000) | ~38 | ~55 | ~13 | ~4 |
| % below $3.20/day | ~68% | ~42% | ~9% | <1% |
| Development category | LIDC | NEE | NEE | HIC |
Note: LIDC = Low-Income Developing Country; NEE = Newly Emerging Economy; HIC = High-Income Country. Statistics are approximate and change year to year — use these as approximate anchors in your exam answers.
Quick Check: Explain why GNI per capita is an incomplete measure of development. Use an example in your answer.
GNI per capita is an average that hides inequality within a country. Nigeria's GNI per capita of approximately $2,000 suggests a moderate standard of living, but this figure masks extreme inequality: oil wealth is concentrated among a small elite while over 42% of Nigerians live below $3.20 per day. A country can have high average income and deep poverty at the same time. The HDI is more useful because it combines income with life expectancy and education into a single composite score — though even this does not fully capture inequality within countries or environmental sustainability.
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