Restoration England 1660-1685Memory Aid

Memory Aids: Lock In the Key Facts

Part of Culture and TheatreGCSE History

This memory aid covers Memory Aids: Lock In the Key Facts within Culture and Theatre for GCSE History. Revise Culture and Theatre in Restoration England 1660-1685 for GCSE History with 8 exam-style questions and 4 flashcards. This topic shows up very often in GCSE exams, so students should be able to explain it clearly, not just recognise the term. It is section 12 of 14 in this topic. Use it for quick recall, then test yourself straight afterwards so the memory aid becomes usable in an answer.

Topic position

Section 12 of 14

Practice

8 questions

Recall

4 flashcards

🧠 Memory Aids: Lock In the Key Facts

The playwrights mnemonic — "WEBD": Remember the four key Restoration playwrights in order of their most famous works:

  • WWycherley: The Country Wife (1675) — cuckoldry and sexual intrigue
  • EEtherege: The Man of Mode (1676) — the libertine rake
  • BBehn: The Rover (1677) — first professional female playwright
  • DDryden: Poet Laureate — heroic dramas and literary criticism

The key features mnemonic — "WPRF": Four defining features of Restoration theatre:

  • WWomen on stage for the first time
  • PPatent theatres (only two: Theatre Royal and Duke's Company)
  • RRestoration comedy: witty, sexual, anti-Puritan
  • FFrench influence: proscenium stage, scenery, continental style

"1660: Stages Reopen, Women Appear" — Anchor this date with its two biggest changes. Both happened in the same year as the Restoration itself: theatres reopened after 18 years of closure, and women legally took to the English stage for the first time. If an examiner asks for a "feature of Restoration theatre," these are your two most impressive answers — and both are tied to the single year 1660.

Aphra Behn — the feminist fact examiners love: "First professional female playwright in English history — The Rover, 1677." Behn wrote to earn money, not just for pleasure. She was mocked by some male contemporaries but produced roughly 19 plays. In an exam question about change and the role of women, Behn is the single strongest piece of evidence you can use. Remember: Behn = The Rover = 1677 = first professional woman playwright.

Key dates to know cold:

  • 1642: Puritans close the theatres
  • 1660: Theatres reopen; women first allowed on stage; Charles II issues patents
  • 1675: Wycherley's The Country Wife
  • 1676: Etherege's The Man of Mode
  • 1677: Aphra Behn's The Rover
  • 1689: Purcell's Dido and Aeneas (opera)

Keep building this topic

Read this section alongside the surrounding pages in Culture and Theatre. That gives you the full topic sequence instead of a single isolated revision point.

Practice Questions for Culture and Theatre

Why were theatres closed during the Interregnum (1642-1660)?

  • A. Charles I ordered them closed as a wartime measure to save money
  • B. The Puritans considered theatres sinful and immoral
  • C. The theatres were destroyed in the Great Fire of London
  • D. French playwrights had taken all the best acting roles
1 markfoundation

What was significant about who performed in Restoration theatres for the first time in English history?

  • A. Foreign playwrights were allowed to write English plays for the first time
  • B. Working-class audiences were admitted to the pit for a penny
  • C. Women were allowed to perform as actresses on the public stage
  • D. Boys under the age of twelve were banned from acting
1 markfoundation

Quick Recall Flashcards

Why had theatres been closed before 1660?
Puritans banned plays as immoral during the Interregnum (1642-1660) — they condemned theatrical performances as corrupting and irreligious. Charles II's Restoration immediately reversed this, issuing licences for two theatre companies in 1660.
Who was Aphra Behn?
First professional woman playwright and novelist in England. Wrote The Rover (1677) and Oroonoko — one of the first English novels (1688). Worked as a spy for Charles II in Antwerp during the Dutch Wars. Pioneer of women in professional writing.

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