Outbreak of War

HistoryAQAGCSEUnit: Conflict and Tension 1918-1939
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The basics

Setting the Scene

📖 Setting the Scene

August 23, 1939. The world gasps in disbelief. Nazi Germany and Communist Russia — ideological enemies — have signed a non-aggression pact. The secret protocol carves up Poland between them. Hitler has secured his eastern flank. A week later, German tanks roll into Poland. On September 3, 1939, Britain and France declare war. World War Two has begun.

WW2 Part 1 - OverSimplified WW2 Part 2 - OverSimplified

Exam tip

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🧠 Memory Aid

Causes of World War Two — "HVALP":

  • Hitler's aims — Versailles reversal, Grossdeutschland, Lebensraum
  • Versailles grievances — created resentment that Hitler exploited
  • Appeasement — convinced Hitler democracies would never fight
  • League failure — no collective security against aggression
  • Pact (Nazi-Soviet) — removed Hitler's fear of a two-front war

The Nazi-Soviet Pact in 30 seconds:

  • Signed: 23 August 1939 (8 days before Germany invaded Poland)
  • Who: Molotov (USSR) + Ribbentrop (Germany)
  • Public: 10-year non-aggression
  • Secret: Poland divided — Germany takes west, USSR takes east
  • Result: Hitler free to invade Poland without fear of USSR

The final sequence to memorise: March 1939 (Prague + British guarantee) → August 1939 (Nazi-Soviet Pact) → 1 September 1939 (Germany invades Poland) → 3 September 1939 (Britain and France declare war).

Now try it yourself

Quiz · Question 1 of 8

On what date was the Nazi-Soviet Pact signed?

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