Hitler's Foreign Policy

HistoryAQAGCSEUnit: Conflict and Tension 1918-1939
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The basics

The Secret Meeting That Revealed Everything

📖 The Secret Meeting That Revealed Everything

It is 5 November 1937. In the Reich Chancellery in Berlin, Hitler calls a secret meeting of his top military commanders and foreign minister. His aide, Colonel Friedrich Hossbach, takes notes. What Hitler reveals over four hours will not become public until after the war — but it changes everything historians know about his intentions. Hitler is not reacting to events. He has a plan. He tells his generals that Germany must achieve Lebensraum — "living space" in the east — by 1943-45 at the latest. Austria and Czechoslovakia must be destroyed first. War is not something to be avoided; it is something to be prepared for. The "Hossbach Memorandum" is the smoking gun: proof that Hitler had a deliberate programme, not just a series of opportunistic reactions. By the time anyone outside that room reads it, 70 million people will have died.
What is Lebensraum?: "Living space" — expansion eastward into Poland/USSR for German people
Key terms

History glossary

What is Lebensraum?
"Living space" — expansion eastward into Poland/USSR for German people
Spotlight
Hitler's Three Main Aims

▶ Hitler Part 1 - OverSimplified ▶ Hitler Part 2 - OverSimplified

Exam tip

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🧠 Memory Aid

Hitler's 3 aims — "VGL":

  • Versailles — destroy the treaty (rearm, Rhineland, recover territory)
  • Grossdeutschland — unite German-speaking peoples (Anschluss, Sudetenland)
  • Lebensraum — living space eastward (Poland, then Russia)

Hitler's steps to war — "RAR-AMC-IP":

  • Rearmament 1935
  • Anglo-German Naval Agreement 1935
  • Rhineland 1936
  • Anschluss 1938
  • Munich/Sudetenland 1938
  • Czechoslovakia (rest of) March 1939
  • Invades Poland September 1939

Key dates to lock in: 1933 (left League), 1935 (rearmament), 1936 (Rhineland), 1938 (Anschluss + Munich), March 1939 (rest of Czechoslovakia), September 1939 (Poland — war).

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Quiz · Question 1 of 8

What did Hitler mean by 'Lebensraum'?

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