The Great Fire of London

HistoryAQAGCSEUnit: Restoration England 1660-1685
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The basics

Setting the Scene

📖 Setting the Scene

2am, Sunday 2nd September 1666. Thomas Farriner's bakery on Pudding Lane catches fire. Just a year after the plague, London is about to face another catastrophe. The summer had been hot and dry. Houses were timber-framed, built close together, with overhanging upper floors. Fire spread quickly. By the time it burned out four days later, 13,200 houses, 87 churches, and St Paul's Cathedral were destroyed. Amazingly, only 6 deaths were officially recorded — though the true number may be higher. The fire would transform London and create opportunities for a grand rebuilding.

The Great Fire of London 1666 - History Matters (4 mins)

Exam tip

Earn the mark scheme marks

📝 Exam Technique: Historic Environment

The Great Fire may be your historic environment site. Key connections:

  • Physical remains: Monument, Wren churches, St Paul's, street layouts still visible
  • Primary sources: Samuel Pepys's diary (buried his cheese!), John Evelyn's account
  • Wider context: Link to Dutch War (blamed Dutch), religious tensions (blamed Catholics), government power (rebuilding regulations)
  • Change/continuity: London rebuilt differently but still cramped in places; fire brigades slow to develop
  • Now try it yourself

    Quiz · Question 1 of 11

    Where did the Great Fire of London begin on 2 September 1666?

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