PPPW — the four main push factors across history:
- Persecution (Jews 1290, Huguenots 1685, Eastern European Jews 1880s)
- Poverty (Irish famine, Caribbean unemployment, South Asian poverty)
- Pogroms / political violence (Russian Empire, Nazi Germany, Somalia, Bosnia)
- War (20th/21st century asylum seekers)
LWF — the three main pull factors:
- Labour demand (post-war NHS, London Transport, factories; Edward III's cloth industry)
- Wages higher than home country
- Family / community networks (chain migration)
Windrush date: 22 June 1948 — same year as the British Nationality Act and the founding of the NHS.
This memory aid covers Memory Aid: Push and Pull Factors within Migrants to Britain, c.1250-present for GCSE History. Revise Migrants to Britain, c.1250-present in Component Group 1 — Thematic Studies for GCSE History with 14 exam-style questions and 18 flashcards. This is a high-frequency topic, so it is worth revising until the explanation feels precise and repeatable. It is section 14 of 17 in this topic. Use it for quick recall, then test yourself straight afterwards so the memory aid becomes usable in an answer.
Practice questions for Migrants to Britain, c.1250-present
Describe two features of migration to Britain in the medieval period.
Describe two features of Jewish communities in medieval England before 1290.