🎯 Exam Connection (OCR B J411 — CG4 Period Studies)

Frequency: This topic appears regularly across all components. “Why did Vikings expand?” and “How important was ship technology?” are among the most common framings.

Typical question stems:

• “Describe two features of Viking longships” (4 marks — AO1)
• “Describe three features of the Danelaw” (6 marks — AO1)
• “Why did Viking settlement succeed in England? Explain your answer.” (8 marks — AO1+AO2)
• “Ship technology was the main reason for Viking expansion. How far do you agree?” (18 marks — AO1+AO2)

For higher marks (8-mark questions): Go beyond listing facts. Explain HOW factors connected — “longships succeeded because their shallow draft meant they could beach directly, which gave raiders the element of surprise that defenders could not counter before they arrived.”

For the 18-mark essay: You must argue about which factor was most important AND engage with the alternative. The best answers weigh ship technology against political weakness of opponents, economic incentives, and tactical flexibility, then make a sustained judgement.