🎯 Exam Connection (OCR B J411, Period Study)

Frequency: This is one of the Period Study options in OCR J411 (Component Group 3). “Why did Vikings expand?” and “How important was ship technology?” are common framings. Check your teacher’s guidance for the exact paper layout.

Typical question styles:

• Short recall and describe questions, for example “Describe two features of Viking longships”
• An organised summary, for example “Write a clear and organised summary that analyses how the Vikings settled in England”
• An explanation question, for example “Why did Viking settlement succeed in England? Explain your answer.”
• Two interpretations, where you compare what each says and, where asked, explain why historians might differ
• An extended essay (18 marks), for example “Ship technology was the main reason for Viking expansion. How far do you agree?”

For higher levels: Go beyond listing facts. Explain HOW factors connected: “longships succeeded because their shallow draft meant they could beach directly, which gave raiders the element of surprise that defenders could not counter before they arrived.”

For the 18-mark essay: You must argue about which factor was most important AND engage with the alternative. The best answers weigh ship technology against political weakness of opponents, economic incentives, and tactical flexibility, then make a sustained judgement.