Knowledge Organiser: Nigeria as an NEE Case Study

NEE: Newly Emerging Economy — rapid industrialisation, growing middle class, but persistent inequality
TNC: Transnational Corporation — brings jobs, tax, tech; but repatriates profits and can cause environmental damage
FDI: Foreign Direct Investment — Shell, Chevron, Total investing in Nigeria's oil infrastructure
HDI: Human Development Index: measures income + health + education (Nigeria: 0.560 in 2023)
Gini coefficient: Measure of inequality (~35–40 for Nigeria — significant inequality)
Informal economy: Unregulated work (65% of Nigerian employment)
Profit repatriation: TNCs taking profits back to home country — limits development benefit
ECOWAS: Regional trade bloc — 15 West African nations; reduces trade barriers

Shell: Largest oil TNC in Nigeria; 65,000 jobs; Niger Delta spills
Dangote Group: Nigeria's largest conglomerate; cement, refinery, food — shows domestic industrial growth
Lagos: Commercial capital; 15m+ people; 25% of GDP; Nollywood; Makoko informal settlement
Niger Delta: Oil-producing region; 1,000+ spills; Ogoni people; MEND militancy
Abuja: Planned capital since 1991 — symbolises modernisation intent
OPEC: Oil cartel; Nigeria member since 1971; influence on global oil pricing
ECOWAS: West African trade bloc; 15 members; reduces trade barriers for Nigerian exports

Name Nigeria as an NEE (not LIC) — explain what that means
Oil: 90% of exports, 70% of government revenue — but also 62% in poverty (the paradox)
TNCs (Shell): tax revenue + jobs + technology transfer BUT profit repatriation + 1,000+ spills
Diversification beyond oil: Nollywood ($600m), Lagos finance, mobile telecoms (100m+ users)
Inequality: middle class of 30m but 62% below poverty line; north-south divide; Makoko
Conclusion with a judgement: development has been real but uneven, insufficient for the majority

Calling Nigeria an LIC: Nigeria is an NEE (Newly Emerging Economy) — it has Africa's largest GDP ($440bn) but 62% of people live below the poverty line; this paradox is the key point examiners want
Only writing positives about TNCs: Shell brings 65,000 jobs and tax revenue, but also 1,000+ oil spills since 2010 in the Niger Delta and repatriates profits — always balance benefits with environmental and economic costs
Ignoring Nigeria's internal inequality: The north-south divide (Muslim north vs Christian/commercial south) and rural-urban inequality are as important as international comparisons — Makoko vs Victoria Island illustrates this
Not linking oil dependency to vulnerability: 90% of exports from one commodity means Nigeria's economy collapses when global oil prices fall — oil price dependency is a specific AQA evaluation point

O — Oil: 37 billion barrel reserves, OPEC member, 90% of exports, Shell/Chevron/Total investment
I — Industry: Lagos manufacturing zone, Dangote cement/refinery, textiles and food processing
L — Lagos: 15m+ people, 25% of Nigeria's GDP, Nollywood ($600m), financial district, Makoko inequality
T — TNCs: Shell (65,000 jobs, billions in tax) — but also profit repatriation and Niger Delta spills
S — Services: Nollywood, mobile telecoms (100m+ users), banking, IT, growing middle class (30m)
$440 billion — Nigeria's GDP (Africa's largest)
220 million — population (Africa's largest)
0.560: HDI (2023)
62% — below $1.90/day poverty line
37 billion — barrels of proven oil reserves
1956 — oil discovered; 1960 — independence
1,000+ — oil spills in Niger Delta since 2010
$600m+ — Nollywood annual revenue
15 million+ — Lagos population

Nigeria as an NEE Case Study, Knowledge Organiser