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Quiz yourself on Energy Resource ManagementGet your flashcardsBuild my revision planTrack my progress⚡ The Winter That Changed Everything
This was not a war or a natural disaster. It was the consequence of one decision made in Moscow: Russia restricted the flow of natural gas through the Nord Stream pipeline to Western Europe. Germany had built its entire industrial economy around the assumption that Russian gas would always flow. For 30 years, it had seemed like a sensible, cost-effective choice. Then, in a matter of weeks, it became a geopolitical weapon — and Germany discovered what energy insecurity really feels like.
Meanwhile, in sub-Saharan Africa, 600 million people experience this kind of vulnerability every day. Not as a crisis, but as ordinary life. Hospitals that cannot refrigerate vaccines. Students who cannot study after dark. Food that spoils because there is no refrigeration. Energy insecurity does not just affect comfort — it shapes whether a country can develop at all.
Energy is not just electricity. It is the difference between development and poverty, between independence and vulnerability. Understanding how countries manage — or fail to manage — their energy is one of the most important geographical questions of the 21st century.
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