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🌍 The Planet That Hasn't Grown

In 2022, the world's population passed 8 billion people. By 2050, it is projected to reach 9.7 billion. Every one of those extra 1.7 billion people will need food to eat, water to drink, and energy to power their lives. The planet has not grown. The total volume of freshwater has not increased. The coal, oil, and gas buried underground — the fossil fuels that power most of the world's economy — took hundreds of millions of years to form, and we are burning through them in centuries.

Meanwhile, a child in South Sudan is growing up in a country where 1 in 3 people are severely food insecure. A woman in rural Ethiopia walks four hours every day to collect water for her family. In Sub-Saharan Africa, 733 million people have no electricity. And in South-East England — one of the wealthiest regions on Earth — water companies are warning of supply shortfalls within decades.

Resource management is not an abstract problem for distant countries. It is a challenge that cuts across every human society, rich and poor. Understanding how resources are distributed, why demand is rising, and how the three critical resources — food, water, and energy — interact with each other is the foundation for everything that follows in this unit.

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