The perfect tense with être and reflexive verbs

FrenchAQAGCSEUnit: Time Markers and the Three Time Frames
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Le passé composé avec être — The Movement Verbs and All Reflexives

🚶 Le passé composé avec être — The Movement Verbs and All Reflexives

A small but important group of verbs refuse to use avoir in the perfect tense — they insist on être instead. Most of them describe movement or a change of state: going, arriving, leaving, falling, being born, dying. Plus every reflexive verb (anything with se) uses être too. The trick is: with être, the past participle agrees with the subject — it works like an adjective.
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Le passé composé avec être

Structure: être (present tense) + past participle (agrees with subject)

Exam tip

Earn the mark scheme marks

💡 Exam Tips & Common Errors

  • If in doubt about être vs avoir: check if the verb is on the DR MRS VANDERTRAMP list, or if it has a reflexive se — if yes, use être.
  • In writing tasks, show gender awareness by writing allé(e) when you are writing as yourself.
  • Agreement only adds one or two letters — but examiners notice it and reward it at Higher.
  • After an être verb in a sentence with multiple verbs, the next verb may switch back to avoir: je suis allé au marché et j'ai acheté des légumes.

❌ Common error: Je suis allé au magasin et j'ai acheté une veste, et après je suis rentré chez moi et j'ai mangé — then students forget the switch: "et je suis mangé".

✓ Correct: …et j'ai mangé (not je suis mangé). Manger uses avoir.

Why it costs marks: After correctly using être for rentrer, students sometimes carry the pattern forward incorrectly to the next verb. Always ask: is the next verb on the DR MRS VANDERTRAMP list or reflexive? If not, return to avoir.

Now try it yourself

Quiz · Question 1 of 15

What is the correct formula for forming the perfect tense with être?

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