Test yourself on Climate Change and Hazard Response with exam style questions, marked instantly.
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Quiz yourself on Climate Change and Hazard ResponseGet your flashcardsBuild my revision planTrack my progress🧠 Exam Framework: CHEERS
Use this six-point framework to structure any climate change question:
C — Causes (natural): Milankovitch cycles, solar variation, volcanic eruptions. Know why these cannot explain modern warming.
H — Human causes: Fossil fuels (CO₂, 38 billion tonnes/year), deforestation (15% of emissions), agriculture (methane from livestock, nitrous oxide from fertilisers).
E — Evidence: Ice cores (CO₂ at 421 ppm, 3 million-year high), temperature records (2023 = 1.45°C above baseline), sea level rise (21–24 cm since 1880), glacier retreat (Rhône: -1.4 km in 20 years).
E — Effects (physical): Sea level rise, more intense storms, drought (Mediterranean, Sahel), flooding, coral bleaching, ecosystem disruption.
R — Responses — mitigation: Paris Agreement, Germany's Energiewende (59% renewable), Norway EVs (80% electric sales), Sleipner CCS (1M tonnes/year), Ethiopia reforestation.
S — Strategies — adaptation: Maldives sea walls ($500M + Hulhumalé island), Bangladesh floating gardens + BINA Dhan 11 rice, Netherlands Room for the River (€2.3bn) + amphibious homes.
For the Paris Agreement: 1.5-2-5
- 1.5°C — target limit of warming above pre-industrial levels
- 2°C — maximum acceptable warming limit
- 5 years — cycle for reviewing NDCs (Nationally Determined Contributions)
- 196 — number of countries that signed
Greenhouse gas warming potentials (vs CO₂):
- CO₂ = 1 (baseline)
- Methane = 28× (livestock, rice, landfill)
- Nitrous oxide = 265× (fertilisers)
- CFCs = thousands× (now largely banned)
Make this stick
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