Decision Making Skills

GeographyAQAGCSEUnit: Decision Making & Issue Evaluation
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The basics

You Have One Hour to Decide

🏔️ You Have One Hour to Decide

You are on the planning committee for a rural Welsh county. A developer wants to build 20 wind turbines on a hillside above a village of 600 people. A farming family that has worked the land for five generations will lose access to their best grazing pastures. The county tourism board says the turbines will destroy the landscape that attracts 40,000 visitors every year. Local residents are split — some see jobs and income, others see their view and property values destroyed. An environmental NGO says the site is essential for Wales to meet its 2035 net-zero targets. The energy company has wind-speed data proving the site is among the most productive in Wales. You have all the evidence in front of you. You have one hour. How do you decide?

This is the exact situation your GCSE Geography Paper 3 puts you in. The topic, location and stakeholders change every year — but the decision-making skill required is always the same. The students who score highest are not the ones who know the most about wind farms. They are the ones who know how to weigh competing evidence, acknowledge trade-offs honestly, and reach a conclusion that is geographically justified. That skill is what this topic teaches.

What is a cost-benefit analysis?: A structured method comparing the costs (negatives) and benefits (positives) of a decision across economic, social and environmental dimensions.
Key terms

Geography glossary

What is a cost-benefit analysis?
A structured method comparing the costs (negatives) and benefits (positives) of a decision across economic, social and environmental dimensions.
Spotlight
What is the Decision-Making Paper — GCSE Geography Paper 3?

GCSE Geography Paper 3 (Decision-Making) is unlike anything else in your GCSE. Most exam papers test what you have memorised. Paper 3 tests what you can do with geographical information — how you interpret evidence, analyse stakeholder viewpoints, evaluate options, and justify a decision. It is worth 60 marks and accou

Exam tip

Earn the mark scheme marks

🧠 The DECIDE SMART Mnemonic

There are 11 key steps in the complete decision-making process. The mnemonic DECIDE SMART gives you all 11 in order — use it as a checklist before you begin any decision-making answer.

Letter Step The Key Question
D Define the decision clearly "What exactly is being decided? Where? By whom? By when?"
E Evidence from the Resource Booklet "Which specific statistics support or challenge each option?"
C Consider ALL stakeholders "Who is affected? Do not skip the ones you disagree with."
I Identify the trade-offs "What does each option sacrifice? Who loses out with each choice?"
D Decision: state it clearly first "Sentence 1 of your answer = your recommendation."
E Explain your reasoning "Why these criteria? Why do they matter for this specific place?"
S Stakeholders: RAVES analysis "Role — Attitude — Values — Evidence — Significance"
M Matrix: compare options systematically "Score all options against the same criteria. Weight your priorities."
A Acknowledge opposing views "What is the strongest argument against your recommendation?"
R Reach a justified conclusion "3C: Claim → Criteria → Conclusion with trade-offs"
T Trade-offs: state explicitly what you sacrifice "Explain why the gain is worth the loss — in geographical terms."

Memory trick for DECIDE: The first six letters cover the core framework steps — what you do before writing. The last five letters (SMART) cover how you execute the answer — what you do while writing. Decide, then write SMART.

Now try it yourself

Quiz · Question 1 of 15

What is a stakeholder?

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