Electrical Power & Energy

PhysicsAQAGCSEUnit: Electricity
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The basics

The Expensive Shower

⚡ The Expensive Shower

An electric shower uses about 9000 W — that's 9000 joules EVERY SECOND! A 10-minute shower transfers 5.4 million joules. Meanwhile, your phone charger at 5 W uses just 5 joules per second. Leave it plugged in all day (86,400 seconds) and it transfers only 432,000 joules — less than a tenth of one shower! This is why power ratings matter for electricity bills. High power appliances used frequently are what cost you money.
Spotlight
Three Power Equations — When to Use Each

P = IV — Use when you know current AND voltage

Exam tip

Earn the mark scheme marks

🧠 Memory Aid

Three power equations from one — "PIV is like PIE":

Start with P = IV (the PIE). To get P = I²R: replace V with IR (from Ohm's Law). To get P = V²/R: replace I with V/R. You only need to remember P = IV and V = IR, then derive the others.

kWh billing — "kW × Hours = kWh":

Kilowatts × Hours = Kilowatt-Hours. The unit tells you exactly what to multiply. If given watts, divide by 1000 first. If given time in minutes, divide by 60 first.

Which equation? — "Got V and I? Use P = VI. Got I and R? Use I²R. Got V and R? Use V²/R":

Match the letters in the equation to the letters of the quantities you've been given in the question.

Now try it yourself

Quiz · Question 1 of 15

What is the unit of electrical power?

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