This definitions covers Key Definitions within Heat Transfer for GCSE Physics. Revise Heat Transfer in Energy for GCSE Physics with 14 exam-style questions and 11 flashcards. This is a high-frequency topic, so it is worth revising until the explanation feels precise and repeatable. It is section 11 of 17 in this topic. Make sure you can use the exact wording confidently, because definition marks are often lost through vague language.
Topic position
Section 11 of 17
Practice
14 questions
Recall
11 flashcards
📖 Key Definitions
Conduction: The transfer of thermal energy through a material by particle vibrations. Best in metals due to free electrons. No bulk movement of particles.
Convection: The transfer of thermal energy in fluids (liquids and gases) by the movement of the fluid itself. Hot fluid rises (less dense), cool fluid sinks.
Radiation: The transfer of thermal energy by infrared electromagnetic waves. Does not require a medium — works through a vacuum. All objects emit and absorb radiation.
Free electrons: Electrons in metals that are not bonded to individual atoms but move freely through the metallic structure. They are responsible for metals' excellent electrical and thermal conductivity.
Convection current: The circular flow of fluid created when heated fluid rises and cool fluid sinks to replace it, creating a continuous cycle of heat transfer.