Power

PhysicsAQAGCSEUnit: Energy
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The basics

It's Not Just How Much Energy — It's How Fast

⚡ It's Not Just How Much Energy — It's How Fast

A Ferrari and an electric milk float could both drive up the same hill, transferring the same total gravitational potential energy to get to the top. But the Ferrari does it in 10 seconds; the milk float takes 10 minutes. The difference is not the amount of energy — it is the rate at which energy is transferred. This is power. A 100 W light bulb transfers 100 joules every second. A 3,000 W kettle transfers 3,000 joules every second — 30 times faster. That is why your kettle boils water in 2 minutes while a faint torch bulb could never boil a cup of water at all, even if left running all day.

What is power?: Power is the rate at which energy is transferred or work is done. It is measured in watts (W).
Key terms

Physics glossary

What is power?
Power is the rate at which energy is transferred or work is done. It is measured in watts (W).
Spotlight
Understanding Power

Figure 1: The power formula triangle — cover the quantity you want to find

Exam tip

Earn the mark scheme marks

🧠 Memory Aids

Formula triangle for P, E, t:

Draw a triangle with P at the top, E on the bottom-left and t on the bottom-right. Cover the letter you want to find:

  • Cover P → P = E/t
  • Cover E → E = P × t
  • Cover t → t = E/P

The tap analogy: Energy is like water in a tank. Power is like how wide you open the tap. A wide-open tap (high power) empties the tank quickly. A trickle (low power) takes ages. The same total volume of water (energy) flows either way — power just determines how fast.

Remembering 1 W = 1 J/s: Think "one Watt delivers one Joule per Second" — W-J-S in alphabetical order (kind of).

Now try it yourself

Quiz · Question 1 of 14

Which of the following is the correct definition of power?

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