Density

PhysicsAQAGCSEUnit: Particle Model
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The basics

The Suitcase Test

📖 The Suitcase Test

Imagine two identical suitcases — one packed with feathers, the other with bricks. Same size, VASTLY different weights. That difference is density in action. Density tells you how much mass is "packed into" a given space. A small gold ring and a massive gold bar have the SAME density because they're made of the same stuff — density is a property of the MATERIAL, not the object. This is why ships made of steel (density 7800 kg/m³) can float — they're mostly filled with air, making their OVERALL density less than water!
Density Equation
ρ = m / V
Density (kg/m³) = Mass (kg) ÷ Volume (m³)
Spotlight
Understanding Density at the Particle Level

Density is all about how much matter (mass) is squeezed into a given space (volume). But why do different materials have different densities? There are two factors at the particle level:

Exam tip

Earn the mark scheme marks

🧠 Memory Aid

The equation triangle for density:

Write m at the top of a triangle, ρ (rho) bottom-left, V bottom-right. Cover the quantity you want:

  • Cover ρ: density = m ÷ V
  • Cover m: mass = ρ × V
  • Cover V: volume = m ÷ ρ

Remember the symbol: ρ is the Greek letter "rho" — think "rho = ρack it in" (how tightly packed the material is).

Float or sink rule: "If density is greater than water (1000 kg/m³), it will sink. If less, it will float." — The word LESS has 4 letters, and so does FLOAT. More has 4 letters too, but think: MORE density = MORE sinking.

Now try it yourself

Quiz · Question 1 of 13

What is the correct equation for density?

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