EcologyHigh Exam FrequencyAQAEdexcelOCRWJEC

The Nitrogen Cycle

The nitrogen cycle: nitrogen-fixing, nitrifying, denitrifying bacteria, ammonification, and the role of legumes

What you'll cover

  • Nitrogen gas in atmosphere (78%)
  • Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium in root nodules)
  • Nitrifying bacteria (ammonia to nitrates)
  • Denitrifying bacteria (nitrates to nitrogen gas)
  • Ammonification by decomposers
  • Plants absorb nitrates via active transport
  • Comparison with carbon cycle
  • Role of legumes in crop rotation

Sample Flashcards

What is ammonification?
The process by which decomposers (bacteria and fungi) break down nitrogen-containing molecules (proteins and DNA) in dead organisms and waste products, releasing ammonia into the soil.
What is nitrogen fixation?
The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃) by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. This is the entry point of atmospheric nitrogen into the food chain.

Exam questions for The Nitrogen Cycle

What percentage of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen gas (N₂)?

  • A. 21%
  • B. 0.04%
  • C. 78%
  • D. 50%
1 markfoundation

Explain the difference between nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria, including the conditions in which each type thrives.

3 marksstandard

Want more? See all GCSE Biology exam questions by paper with full model answers and mark schemes.

15

exam-style questions

15

revision flashcards

Ready to revise The Nitrogen Cycle?

Get personalised daily study plans, adaptive quizzes, and spaced repetition flashcards.

Start revising free