This key facts covers The Process of Cell Differentiation within Stem Cells and Cell Differentiation for GCSE Biology. Stem cell types, differentiation processes, therapeutic applications, embryonic vs adult stem cells, and ethical considerations It is section 10 of 17 in this topic. Use this key facts to connect the idea to the wider topic before moving on to questions and flashcards.
🔄 The Process of Cell Differentiation
- Gene Expression Changes: Different genes are switched on/off in response to chemical signals
- Protein Production: New proteins are made that determine cell structure and function
- Morphological Changes: Cell shape, size, and internal organization change
- Functional Specialization: Cell develops specific functions (contraction, conduction, secretion)
- Loss of Potency: As cells differentiate, they lose the ability to become other cell types
Key Point: All cells in an organism contain the same DNA, but different genes are expressed in different cell types!
Practice questions for Stem Cells and Cell Differentiation
What is a stem cell?
Explain how sperm cells are adapted for their function.
Quick recall flashcards
What does 'totipotent' mean?
The highest level of potency - cells can differentiate into any cell type in the organism plus extraembryonic tissues like the placenta. Example: fertilized egg.
What is a stem cell?
An undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce more stem cells (self-renewal) or differentiate into specialized cell types.