ProbabilityTopic Summary

Knowledge Organiser: Combined Events

Part of Combined Events · GCSE GCSE Mathematics revision

This topic summary covers Knowledge Organiser: Combined Events within Combined Events for GCSE Mathematics. Revise Combined Events in Probability for GCSE Mathematics with 11 exam-style questions and 2 flashcards. This topic appears regularly enough that it should still be part of a steady revision cycle. It is section 5 of 5 in this topic. Use this topic summary to connect the idea to the wider topic before moving on to questions and flashcards.

Topic position

Section 5 of 5

Practice

11 questions

Recall

2 flashcards

Knowledge Organiser: Combined Events

Key Terms
  • Independent events: One event does not affect the probability of the other
  • Dependent events: One event changes the probability of the other
  • Mutually exclusive: Events that cannot both happen at the same time
  • P(A and B): Probability that both A and B occur
  • P(A or B): Probability that at least one of A or B occurs
  • P(B|A): Conditional probability — probability of B given A has occurred
Must-Know Facts
  • "And" means multiply probabilities
  • "Or" (for mutually exclusive events) means add probabilities
  • For mutually exclusive events: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
  • If events can overlap, subtract the intersection to avoid double-counting
  • For independent events: P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B)
  • For dependent events: P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B|A)
  • Use a tree diagram to organise multi-stage problems
Key Formulas
  • P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B) — for independent events
  • P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B|A) — for dependent events
  • P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A and B) — addition rule
  • P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) — only when mutually exclusive
Common Mistakes
  • Adding for "and": P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B) for independent events — multiply, don't add
  • Forgetting to subtract overlap for "or": P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A and B) unless mutually exclusive
  • Assuming independence: Check whether events are independent (e.g. with replacement) or dependent (without replacement)
  • Mutually exclusive vs independent: Mutually exclusive means they cannot both happen; independent means one does not affect the other — these are different concepts

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Keep building this topic

Read this section alongside the surrounding pages in Combined Events. That gives you the full topic sequence instead of a single isolated revision point.

Practice Questions for Combined Events

A fair coin is flipped and a fair die is rolled. What rule is used to find P(heads AND rolling a 3)?

  • A. Add the two probabilities together
  • B. Multiply the two probabilities together
  • C. Subtract the smaller probability from the larger
  • D. Divide one probability by the other
1 markfoundation

Explain the difference between independent and dependent events in probability. Give an example of each.

2 markshigher

Quick Recall Flashcards

What are independent events?
Events where one event doesn't affect the probability of the other
For independent events, what is P(A and B)?
P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B)

11 questions on Combined Events — practise free

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