Exponential Graphs

MathematicsAQAEdexcelGCSEUnit: Graphs
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The basics

The Power of Doubling

The Power of Doubling

An ancient legend tells of a chess player who asked a king for one grain of rice on the first square, two on the second, four on the third โ€” doubling each time. The king agreed, thinking it a small reward. By square 64, the total would be 18 billion billion grains โ€” more than all the rice ever grown. That is exponential growth: slow at first, then exploding. It describes population growth, compound interest, radioactive decay, and the spread of diseases โ€” all from the deceptively simple equation y = aหฃ.
What is the asymptote of y = aหฃ?: The x-axis (the line y = 0) is a horizontal asymptote. For growth (a > 1): as x โ†’ -โˆž, y โ†’ 0 but never reaches 0 For decay (0 < a < 1): as x โ†’ +โˆž, y โ†’ 0 but never reaches 0 The graph gets infinitely close to the x-axis but never crosses it. y is always positive โ€” it never equals zero.
Key terms

Mathematics glossary

What is the asymptote of y = aหฃ?
The x-axis (the line y = 0) is a horizontal asymptote. For growth (a > 1): as x โ†’ -โˆž, y โ†’ 0 but never reaches 0 For decay (0 < a < 1): as x โ†’ +โˆž, y โ†’ 0 but never reaches 0 The graph gets infinitely close to the x-axis but never crosses it. y is always positive โ€” it never equals zero.
Exam tip

Earn the mark scheme marks

๐Ÿ’ก Exam Tips for Exponential Graphs

  • y-intercept is always (0, 1) for y = aหฃ โ€” mark this point first when sketching
  • Curve never crosses x-axis โ€” draw it approaching but never touching the x-axis
  • Growth vs decay: growth curves rise to the right; decay curves fall to the right
  • For y = k ร— aหฃ: the y-intercept is (0, k), not (0, 1)
  • Compound interest: use the formula A = P(1 + r/100)โฟ โ€” the multiplier is (1 + r/100) for growth, (1 โˆ’ r/100) for decay
  • Check if exponential: calculate the ratio of consecutive terms โ€” if constant, it is exponential

Now try it yourself

Quiz ยท Question 1 of 11

The graph of y = 3หฃ always passes through which point?

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