Ratio & ProportionTopic Summary

Knowledge Organiser: Direct Proportion

Part of Direct Proportion · GCSE GCSE Mathematics revision

This topic summary covers Knowledge Organiser: Direct Proportion within Direct Proportion for GCSE Mathematics. Revise Direct Proportion in Ratio & Proportion for GCSE Mathematics with 15 exam-style questions and 12 flashcards. This is a high-frequency topic, so it is worth revising until the explanation feels precise and repeatable. It is section 9 of 9 in this topic. Use this topic summary to connect the idea to the wider topic before moving on to questions and flashcards.

Topic position

Section 9 of 9

Practice

15 questions

Recall

12 flashcards

Knowledge Organiser: Direct Proportion

Key Terms
  • Direct proportion: When two quantities increase or decrease together at the same rate
  • y ∝ x: Symbol meaning "y is directly proportional to x"
  • Constant of proportionality (k): The fixed multiplier connecting y and x
  • Unitary method: Finding the value for 1 unit first, then scaling up
Must-Know Facts
  • y ∝ x means y = kx, where k is constant
  • k = y ÷ x (the ratio of y to x is always the same)
  • Graph of y against x is a straight line THROUGH the origin (0, 0)
  • When x doubles, y doubles; when x triples, y triples
  • Higher tier: y ∝ x² means y = kx² (graph is a curve, not a line)
Key Formulas
  • y = kx (direct proportion equation)
  • k = y ÷ x (find the constant from a pair of values)
  • Higher: y = kx² or y = k√x
  • Unitary: find value for 1 unit first, then multiply
Common Mistakes
  • Not finding k first: Must substitute a known pair to find k before using the equation
  • y = kx vs y = x + k: Direct proportion means proportional (through origin), not just linear
  • y ∝ x² vs y ∝ x: Different equations — y ∝ x² means y = kx², not y = kx
  • Graph shape: y = kx is a straight line through the origin; y = kx² is a curve

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Practice Questions for Direct Proportion

Which of the following correctly reads the mathematical statement y ∝ x?

  • A. y is inversely proportional to x
  • B. y is directly proportional to x
  • C. y equals x
  • D. y is greater than x
1 markfoundation

Explain what it means for y to be directly proportional to x. Your answer should refer to the equation and the graph.

2 marksstandard

Quick Recall Flashcards

What does the symbol ∝ mean?
'is proportional to' y ∝ x means 'y is proportional to x' This is equivalent to writing y = kx for some constant k.
What does the graph of y = kx look like?
A straight line passing through the origin (0, 0). The gradient of the line equals k. If the line does NOT pass through (0,0), it is NOT direct proportion.

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