AlgebraTopic Summary

Knowledge Organiser: Quadratic Expressions

Part of Quadratic Expressions · GCSE GCSE Mathematics revision

This topic summary covers Knowledge Organiser: Quadratic Expressions within Quadratic Expressions for GCSE Mathematics. Revise Quadratic Expressions in Algebra for GCSE Mathematics with 12 exam-style questions and 22 flashcards. This topic appears regularly enough that it should still be part of a steady revision cycle. It is section 8 of 8 in this topic. Use this topic summary to connect the idea to the wider topic before moving on to questions and flashcards.

Topic position

Section 8 of 8

Practice

12 questions

Recall

22 flashcards

Knowledge Organiser: Quadratic Expressions

Key Terms
  • Quadratic expression: An expression with highest power x² (e.g. x² + 5x + 6)
  • Expand: Multiply out brackets to remove them
  • Factorise: Write as a product of two brackets
  • Coefficient: The number in front of a term (e.g. the 3 in 3x²)
  • Constant term: The number with no variable (the c in ax² + bx + c)
  • Monic quadratic: When the coefficient of x² is 1
Must-Know Facts
  • (x + a)(x + b) = x² + (a+b)x + ab
  • For x² + bx + c: find two numbers that multiply to c AND add to b
  • (x + 3)² = x² + 6x + 9 (NOT x² + 9)
  • Difference of two squares: x² − 9 = (x+3)(x−3)
  • Always check factorisation by expanding back
  • If no integer pair works, the quadratic may not factorise over integers
Key Formulas
  • (x + a)(x + b) = x² + (a+b)x + ab
  • (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
  • (a − b)² = a² − 2ab + b²
  • (a + b)(a − b) = a² − b²
  • For ax² + bx + c (a≠1): find two numbers multiplying to ac and adding to b
Common Mistakes
  • Missing middle term in (a+b)²: (x+3)² = x² + 6x + 9, not x² + 9
  • ac not c: For 2x² + 7x + 3, find numbers multiplying to 2×3=6 (not just 3) and adding to 7
  • Sign of constant: In (x+a)(x+b), the constant is ab — both signs affect it: (x−2)(x−3) gives +6
  • Difference of two squares only works with subtraction: x² + 9 cannot be factorised (sum of two squares)
  • Not simplifying: Always check if brackets can be further simplified after factorising

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Keep building this topic

Read this section alongside the surrounding pages in Quadratic Expressions. That gives you the full topic sequence instead of a single isolated revision point.

Practice Questions for Quadratic Expressions

Expand (x + 5)².

  • A. x² + 25
  • B. x² + 5x + 25
  • C. x² + 10x + 25
  • D. x² + 10x + 5
1 markfoundation

Explain how to recognise whether x² + 12x + 36 is a perfect square trinomial, and write it in factorised form.

2 markshigher

Quick Recall Flashcards

Expand (x + 6)(x - 4)
x² - 4x + 6x - 24 = x² + 2x - 24 (Be careful with negative signs!)
Expand (x + 2)(x + 5)
x² + 5x + 2x + 10 = x² + 7x + 10 (Using FOIL: First + Outer + Inner + Last)

12 questions on Quadratic Expressions — practise free

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