AlgebraTopic Summary

Knowledge Organiser: Quadratic Inequalities

Part of Quadratic Inequalities · GCSE GCSE Mathematics revision

This topic summary covers Knowledge Organiser: Quadratic Inequalities within Quadratic Inequalities for GCSE Mathematics. Revise Quadratic Inequalities in Algebra for GCSE Mathematics with 10 exam-style questions and 2 flashcards. This topic appears less often, but it can still be a useful differentiator on mixed-topic papers. It is section 5 of 5 in this topic. Use this topic summary to connect the idea to the wider topic before moving on to questions and flashcards.

Topic position

Section 5 of 5

Practice

10 questions

Recall

2 flashcards

Knowledge Organiser: Quadratic Inequalities

Key Terms
  • Quadratic inequality: An inequality involving x² (e.g. x² − 5x + 6 < 0)
  • Critical values / roots: The x-values where the quadratic equals zero
  • U-shaped parabola: Graph of ax² + bx + c when a > 0 — positive outside the roots
  • Inside the roots: The region between the two roots where a U-shape is below the x-axis
  • Outside the roots: The two separate regions beyond the roots where the U-shape is above the x-axis
Must-Know Facts
  • Step 1: rearrange to ax² + bx + c > 0 (or < 0) with 0 on one side
  • Step 2: find the roots by solving ax² + bx + c = 0
  • Step 3: sketch the parabola (U-shape if a > 0)
  • For ax² + bx + c < 0 (a > 0): solution is BETWEEN the roots
  • For ax² + bx + c > 0 (a > 0): solution is OUTSIDE the roots (two separate regions)
  • "Between" = one inequality; "outside" = two separate inequalities connected by OR
Key Methods
  • Rearrange → solve = 0 → find roots p and q (p < q) → sketch → read from graph
  • f(x) < 0 (U-shape): p < x < q (between the roots)
  • f(x) > 0 (U-shape): x < p OR x > q (outside the roots)
  • Write "OR" (not "AND") when the solution is two separate regions
Key Formulas
  • Solve ax² + bx + c < 0: find roots p and q, sketch, read solution from graph
  • U-shape (a>0): below x-axis between roots → p < x < q
  • U-shape (a>0): above x-axis outside roots → x < p OR x > q
  • ∩-shape (a<0): reverse the above regions
Common Mistakes
  • Writing "AND" instead of "OR": For the outside region (two separate parts), use OR — "x < p OR x > q" not "x < p AND x > q"
  • Not sketching: Always sketch the parabola to visualise which region satisfies the inequality
  • Including boundary with strict inequality: For < or >, use open circles (boundary not included); for ≤ or ≥, use closed circles
  • Negative a: The parabola opens downward — the "inside" and "outside" regions are swapped

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Practice Questions for Quadratic Inequalities

For a positive (U-shaped) parabola with roots at x = 2 and x = 5, the expression is negative (below the x-axis) for which values of x?

  • A. x < 2 or x > 5
  • B. 2 < x < 5
  • C. x < 2 and x > 5
  • D. All values of x
1 markfoundation

Explain what the solution set of x² + 2x + 5 > 0 is, justifying your answer using the discriminant.

2 marksstandard

Quick Recall Flashcards

Quadratic Inequalities
Sketch graph, identify where curve is above/below x-axis
Quadratic Inequality Pattern
For U-shape: > 0 = outside roots (x < a or x > b), < 0 = between roots (a < x < b)

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