CPU Performance

Computer ScienceOCRGCSEUnit: 3.4 Computer Systems
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The basics

The Restaurant Kitchen Revisited

The Restaurant Kitchen Revisited

Imagine three ways to make a restaurant serve more customers faster: 1) The chef works faster (clock speed - more cycles per second). 2) Hire more chefs working at the same time (cores - parallel processing). 3) Keep frequently-used ingredients right next to the cooking station (cache - faster data access). Modern CPUs use all three strategies to maximize performance!
Spotlight
Deep Dive: Why We Need All Three Factors

Why can't we just increase clock speed forever? In the early 2000s, CPUs hit a wall. Increasing clock speed beyond about 4-5 GHz generates so much heat that the CPU would melt! This is why modern CPUs focus on multiple cores and larger cache instead of just raw speed.

Exam tip

Earn the mark scheme marks

Exam Tips - CPU Performance

Don't just name the factors - explain HOW they improve performance:

  • Clock Speed: "Higher GHz means more FDE cycles per second, so more instructions executed"
  • Cores: "Multiple cores allow parallel processing, so multiple tasks run simultaneously"
  • Cache: "More cache stores frequently-used data closer to CPU, reducing wait time for slower RAM"

Common exam questions:

  • "Name three factors affecting CPU performance" → Clock speed, cores, cache (with explanations!)
  • "Why doesn't doubling cores double performance?" → Programs must be written for multi-threading
  • "What is cache?" → Fast memory built into CPU that stores frequently-used data

Common mistakes:

  • Saying "more RAM" improves CPU performance - RAM is NOT a CPU performance factor!
  • Forgetting to explain HOW each factor helps
  • Mixing up cache levels (L1 is fastest/smallest, L3 is slowest/largest)

Now try it yourself

Quiz · Question 1 of 15

What does clock speed measure in a CPU?

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