Index Laws

MathematicsAQAEdexcelGCSEUnit: Number
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The basics

The Rules of Powers

The Rules of Powers

When scientists write the number of atoms in a mole (602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000), they use 6.02 × 10²³. When calculating compound interest or bacterial growth, we multiply powers together. Index laws are the rules that make working with powers quick and elegant, turning complex calculations into simple addition and subtraction.
Exam tip

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Common Mistakes to Avoid

❌ Wrong: 2³ × 3² = 6⁵ ✅ Right: Cannot combine - different bases

Index laws only work with same base

❌ Wrong: (2³)⁴ = 2⁷ ✅ Right: (2³)⁴ = 2¹²

Multiply powers, don't add

❌ Wrong: 5⁰ = 0 ✅ Right: 5⁰ = 1

Any number to power 0 equals 1 (except 0⁰)

❌ Wrong: 2⁻³ = -8 ✅ Right: 2⁻³ = 1/8

Negative power ≠ negative number

Now try it yourself

Quiz · Question 1 of 14

Which of these is equivalent to a³ × a⁵?

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