Logic Gates

Computer ScienceOCRGCSEUnit: 3.4 Computer Systems
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The basics

The Decision Makers Inside Computers

The Decision Makers Inside Computers

Logic gates are the tiny decision-makers inside every computer chip. They're like automatic doors with rules: AND gates only open when BOTH sensors are triggered. OR gates open when either sensor is triggered. NOT gates do the opposite - triggered means closed. These simple rules, combined by the billions, let computers make every calculation and decision. Your CPU contains billions of these gates working together!
Spotlight
Deep Dive: The Three Basic Logic Gates

AND gates are like security doors that need BOTH a keycard AND a fingerprint. Only when ALL inputs are 1 (true) does the output become 1. It's the strictest gate - everything must be true.

Exam tip

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Exam Tips - Logic Gates

Drawing gate symbols:

  • AND gate: Draw a D-shape (flat back, curved front)
  • OR gate: Draw a pointed shape (curved back, pointed front)
  • NOT gate: Draw a triangle with a small circle (bubble) at the output
  • The bubble ALWAYS means NOT (inversion)

Common exam mistakes to avoid:

  • Forgetting that AND requires ALL inputs to be 1 - not just one!
  • Confusing AND and OR symbols - remember AND is D-shaped, OR is pointed
  • Missing the NOT bubble - it's essential for showing inversion
  • Wrong truth table: AND has only ONE 1 (bottom row), OR has only ONE 0 (top row)

Quick truth table memory tricks:

  • AND: Think "strict gate" - only 1,1 passes through → gives 1
  • OR: Think "generous gate" - only 0,0 blocks → gives 0
  • NOT: Think "flip gate" - whatever goes in, opposite comes out

Now try it yourself

Quiz · Question 1 of 16

An AND gate has inputs A=1 and B=0. What is the output?

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