Proportion

MathematicsAQAEdexcelGCSEUnit: Number
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The basics

The Language of Relationships

The Language of Relationships

From cooking perfect meals to predicting travel times, proportion governs the relationships in our world. When you double a recipe, everything doubles - that's direct proportion. When you drive faster, your journey time decreases - that's inverse proportion. Understanding these mathematical relationships helps us predict, scale, and solve problems across science, economics, and daily life. The elegant symbols ∝ and equations like y = kx capture these powerful patterns.
Proportion Symbol: ∝ means 'proportional to' Examples: y ∝ x (y is proportional to x) y ∝ 1/x (y is inversely proportional to x)
Key terms

Mathematics glossary

Proportion Symbol
∝ means 'proportional to' Examples: y ∝ x (y is proportional to x) y ∝ 1/x (y is inversely proportional to x)
Exam tip

Earn the mark scheme marks

Real-World Applications

Direct Proportion Examples
  • Distance ∝ Time (constant speed)
  • Cost ∝ Quantity (fixed price per unit)
  • Perimeter ∝ Side length (similar shapes)
  • Wages ∝ Hours worked (hourly rate)
Inverse Proportion Examples
  • Speed ∝ 1/Time (fixed distance)
  • Workers ∝ 1/Time (fixed job)
  • Brightness ∝ 1/Distance² (light intensity)
  • Pressure ∝ 1/Volume (gas laws)

Now try it yourself

Quiz · Question 1 of 12

y is directly proportional to x. Which equation could represent this relationship?

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